Uhawilishaji Mkazo wa Kiswahili kwa wanaojifunza Kiswahili kama Lugha ya Pili: Uchunguzi kifani wa wajifunzaji Warundi nchini Burundi

Abstract

Kiswahili

Makala hii imechunguza uhawilishaji mkazo wa Kiswahili kwa wajifunzaji Warundi wanaojifunza lugha hiyo kama lugha ya pili. Lengo kuu la makala hii ni kuchunguza namna mkazo unahama kutoka silabi moja hadi nyingine kwenye maneno yaliyodhihirisha uhawilishaji mkazo kwa wajifunzaji. Data zilikusanywa kutoka kwa wajifunzaji wa Kiswahili vyuo vikuu viwili vya serikali nchini Burundi. Sampuli ya utafiti ni wanafunzi 20, 10 kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Ualimu na 10 kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Burundi. Sampuli hiyo ya wanafunzi ishirini iliteuliwa kuanzia dawati la kwanza hadi la mwisho huku akiruka dawati moja moja. Alifanya hivyo kwa kila darasa. Baada ya kumaliza kazi hiyo ya kuchagua wanafunzi mtafiti aliomba waliochaguliwa kusimulia hadithi wanazojua mmoja hadi mwingine huku akirekodi masimulizi kwa ajili ya uchambuzi wa baadaye. Ili kufikia lengo la makala hii watafiti walitumia mbinu ya masimulizi ya hadithi. Uchambuzi wa data uliongozwa na Nadharia ya Fonolojia Mizani ambacho ni kiunzi cha nadharia kilichopendekezwa na Liberman (1977) baadaye kikaendelezwa na Liberman na Prince (1977) na Halle na Vergnaud (1978). Watafiti walitumia pia programu ya ″Praat″ katika kuonesha namna nguvumsikiko ulivyokuwa katika kila kiambajengo. Vilevile, watafiti wametumia matawi katika kuonesha utofauti wa gridi kwenye silabi zinazounda neno. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yameonesha kuwa Warundi huhamisha mkazo kutoka silabi ya mwisho kasoro moja kwenda katika silabi nyingine tofauti katika maneno teule. Kadhalika, makala hii imependekeza kwa tafiti fuatizi yafuatayo: utafiti mwingine ufanyike vijiji ili kuona kuwa hali kama hiyo ipo, utafiti mwingine uchunguza kiimbo, kidatu, au lafudhi tofauti na mkazo. Isitoshe, utafiti ufanyike ili kuchunguza mbinu zinazotumika kufundishia lugha hiyo ya Kiswahili kama zinafaa au la.

English
This article examines stress transfer in Swahili among Burundian learners studying the language as a second language. The main objective of the article is to investigate how stress shifts from one syllable to another in words that demonstrate stress transfer among learners. Data were collected from Swahili learners at two public universities in Burundi. The research sample consisted of 20 students, 10 from the Teachers’ College University and 10 from the University of Burundi. The sample of 20 students was selected by moving from the first desk to the last, skipping one desk at a time in each classroom. After completing the selection process, the researcher asked the selected students to narrate stories they knew one after another while recording the narratives for later analysis. To achieve the article’s objective, the researchers employed the narrative storytelling method. Data analysis was guided by the Metrical Phonology Theory, a theoretical framework proposed by Liberman (1977) and later developed by Liberman and Prince (1977) and Halle and Vergnaud (1978). The researchers also used the “Praat” software to demonstrate the intensity of stress in each component. Additionally, the researchers utilised metrical grids to illustrate the variation in stress placement across syllables forming a word. The study’s findings indicate that Burundian learners transfer stress from the penultimate syllable to another syllable in selected words. Furthermore, the article recommends the following for future research: conducting another study in rural areas to verify if the same phenomenon exists, investigating intonation, tone, or accents distinct from stress, and examining the teaching methods used for Swahili to determine their effectiveness.

Keywords: Affix, language, stress, syllable, transfer