Assessing Disaster Risk Communication Strategies in the Lake Region Economic Bloc Counties of Kenya

Abstract

This study assessed the nature of disaster risk communication in the Lake Region Economic Bloc (LREB) Counties of Kenya. Disaster risk communication is expected to support continuous, inclusive, and participatory stakeholder engagement. However, it remains unclear whether existing strategies exhibit these characteristics or predominantly involve top-down dissemination of disaster risk information. A convergent parallel mixed methods research design was adopted. Three counties, Busia, Kisumu, and Nandi, were purposively selected based on their historical disaster experiences, significant losses, and established disaster risk reduction systems. A quantitative sample of 384 emergency responders was selected through multistage, proportionate, and simple random sampling. Additionally, purposive sampling was used to select 17 key informants, while quota sampling identified 30 focus group discussion participants. Quantitative data were collected using questionnaires, while qualitative data were obtained through key informant interviews (KII) and focus group discussions (FGD). Secondary data were obtained from reports, books, policies, and plans. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics in SPSS version 20, while qualitative data were analysed thematically using NVivo. Of the 384 questionnaires administered, 300 were fully completed, yielding a 78% response rate. Findings revealed that media (88%), hotlines (68%), public forums (43%), multi-agency emergency operation centres (77%), and posters (83%) were used in disaster risk communication. The study concluded that communication relied predominantly on formal, structured channels, with limited community-driven and participatory approaches. Strengthening public involvement, trust, and inclusive dialogue is essential for improving communication effectiveness and responsiveness. The findings will inform policy formulation and strengthen community and emergency responder capacities.