TikTok Theology: Youth Spiritual Formation in the Age of Short-Form Video Content

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine “TikTok Theology,” conceptualised as the mediation and interpretation of Christian teachings through algorithm-driven short videos, and its influence on youth religious engagement and understanding. The rise and proliferation of short-form video platforms have significantly transformed the landscape of religious communication, particularly among youth. Anchored in Mediatization Theory and Uses and Gratifications Theory, the study employed a convergent mixed-methods design involving 100 youths selected through purposive sampling who completed Google Forms questionnaires and 10 pastors selected through purposive sampling who participated in semi-structured interviews. Questionnaires were used to obtain quantitative data, while interviews provided qualitative insights. Findings reveal that TikTok enhances accessibility to and engagement with religious content; however, it also contributes to theological simplification, fragmented doctrinal understanding, and a shift in religious authority from institutional leaders to digital influencers. The study concludes that TikTok theology represents both a transformative opportunity for digital evangelism and a significant challenge to traditional discipleship models, thereby necessitating intentional theological engagement within digital spaces.