Adapting Focus Group Methodology in Sensitive Behavioural Contexts: Insights From Commercial Drivers’ Psychoactive Substance Use

Abstract

The purpose of this methodological short communication is to provide practical insights for researchers conducting behavioural Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) on psychoactive substance use among commercial drivers. FGDs are widely used qualitative methods for exploring behavioural patterns, perceptions, and attitudes, particularly in sensitive research contexts. This report outlines the methodological process of conducting FGDs among Interstate Commercial Drivers (ISCDs) to explore psychoactive substance use. Guided by established procedural frameworks, three FGDs were conducted across selected motor parks with a total of 18 participants. A purposive sampling approach was initially adopted to recruit current substance users; however, field realities necessitated the inclusion of past users due to participants’ reluctance to disclose ongoing use. Using an FGD guide, each session was facilitated by a skilled facilitator and lasted 45-60 minutes. This study shows how recruitment flexibility and the use of neutral settings can improve disclosure in FGDs on stigmatised behaviours within regulated occupational groups. Drivers were hesitant to admit current substance use due to stigma and fear of union repercussions, but spoke more openly about past use. Conducting discussions in a neutral, private setting, using gradual questioning, and building trust helped participants feel comfortable, encouraged participation, and improved the depth and quality of discussions. Overall, this study shows that recruitment adaptation, use of neutral venues, careful confidentiality management in unionised settings, and training of the facilitation team are critical and offer practical recommendations for the ethical and effective conduct of FGDs on psychoactive substance use among ISCDs.