Factors Influencing the Intensity of Adopting Rice Farm Innovations Among Smallholder Rice Farmers in the West Kano Irrigation Scheme, Kenya

Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify the determinants influencing the intensity of adoption of farm innovations among smallholder rice farmers in the West-Kano Irrigation Scheme amid the rising demand for rice in Kenya, which significantly outpaces local production. Despite the introduction of various innovations, adoption rates and influencing factors remain scarcely explored. Data were collected from 116 smallholder rice farmers using a standardised questionnaire. The Standard Poisson Model was employed for data analysis due to its suitability in handling count data, specifically the number of innovations adopted by farmers. This model helped identify key factors influencing innovation uptake. Findings reveal that several factors significantly impact adoption of farm innovations, including number of household income contributors, the proportion of land used for farming, decision-maker's farming experience, land ownership, and access to transportation and infrastructure. Notably, 98 per cent of farmers used improved seeds, 38 per cent adopted the line transplant method, and 97 per cent implemented pest management practices. Additionally, 47 per cent used the urea deep placement method and all participants engaged in some form of mechanised farming. The study concludes that understanding these factors can optimise policies aimed at enhancing rice productivity and commercialisation. Recommendations include employing the use of demonstration farms, collaborating with key rice value-chain actors, and building capacity. The significance of this study lies in its potential to inform policy formulation and strategic interventions that support the adoption of agricultural innovations, ultimately contributing to the sustainability and growth of the rice sector in Kenya.