Implementing a secure title deed registration model for land transactions in blockchain

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to implement a secure title deed registration model for land transactions in blockchain. The non-existence of a universal National Land Information Management System in Kenya has generated inconsistencies in land transactions, thus creating a need for a secure title deed registration model for land transactions. The study adopted a proof of concept (PoC) methodology to demonstrate the concept of using blockchain technology to resolve existing challenges currently experienced in land transactions. The outcome of the PoC methodology was the design of a model that was later evaluated for implementation. The design architecture of the model was based on Ethereum, an open-source, decentralised blockchain platform used to establish a peer-to-peer network that securely executes and verifies an application code referred to as a smart contract that enables network users to execute land transactions amongst themselves with no trusted central authority. Selected users evaluated the designed model against the metrics set out by the study. Upon model evaluation, its results provided a trail of non–immutable and verifiable land transaction records visible to all the parties involved. The land transaction records were securely distributed across the peer-to-peer network, providing participants with visibility of all the transaction data. Therefore, the model implemented in the study demonstrated that blockchain technology has an immense potential of executing secure and transparent land transactions across Kenya. This study recommends that future research should explore implementation strategies and regulatory frameworks for integrating blockchain technology into land registration.