Mikakati ya Ubishi katika Diskosi za Kisiasa za Nuru Okanga katika Bunge la Wananchi: Mtazamo wa Uchanganuzi Hakiki wa Diskosi

Abstract

Swahili

Makala hii ilichunguza mikakati ya ubishi iliyotumiwa na Nuru Okanga katika diskosi zake za kisiasa katika Bunge la Wananchi. Bunge la Wananchi lilikuwa jukwaa lisilo rasmi lililowapa wananchi nafasi ya kujadili masuala ya kisiasa, kijamii na kiuchumi yaliyohusu maisha yao ya kila siku. Utafiti ulilenga kuchanganua mikakati ya ubishi iliyotumiwa na Nuru Okanga katika uwasilishaji wa hoja zake. Makala hii iliongozwa na mhimili wa Nadharia ya Uchanganuzi Hakiki wa Diskosi ya Fairclough (2003) unaohusu jinsi matumizi ya mamlaka yanavyoweza kujadiliwa na kuonyeshwa jinsi yanavyotumiwa kijamii kupitia diskosi. Utafiti ulitumia muundo wa kimaelezo wa kitaamuli. Eneo la utafiti lilikuwa mazingira ya kidijitali, hususan YouTube. Kundi lengwa lilijumuisha video 24 za diskosi za kisiasa za Nuru Okanga zilizochapishwa kati ya mwaka 2024 na 2026, ambapo video 12 ziliteuliwa kimakusudi kuwa sampuli. Data zilikusanywa kwa kutazama, kusikiliza na kunakili diskosi hizo neno kwa neno, kisha zilichanganuliwa kimaelezo kwa kuhusisha dondoo za data, mhimili wa kinadharia na mawazo ya wataalamu waliotangulia. Uchanganuzi ulibaini mikakati mitano: kujisawiri vyema, kuwasawiri wapinzani vibaya na kuwabeza, uhalalishaji na uharamishaji wa mamlaka, kuchochea hisia za hadhira, na ubandikaji majina na mikakati ya kipropaganda. Matokeo yalionyesha kuwa mikakati hiyo haikutumika kwa kujitegemea, bali iliingiliana katika kujenga ushawishi na mamlaka mbadala ya kimawazo, kimaadili na kisiasa. Makala hii ilihitimisha kuwa diskosi ya Nuru Okanga iliweza kutumia lugha kama rasilimali ya kujenga uhalali, kudhoofisha mamlaka pinzani na kuhamasisha hadhira katika jukwaa lisilo rasmi la kisiasa. Utafiti uliwanufaisha wanafunzi, wahadhiri, watafiti wa isimu na mawasiliano ya kisiasa pamoja na wadau wanaochunguza ushiriki wa wananchi katika siasa za Kenya.

English 

This study aimed to identify the argumentative strategies employed by Nuru Okanga in his political discourse in Bunge la Wananchi and to explain the functions of these strategies in the construction and contestation of power. Although political discussions in Kenya have increasingly emerged on informal civic and digital platforms, many studies of Kiswahili political discourse have focused on speeches by officials holding formal positions, electoral candidates, parliamentary debates, and discourse reported by the media. The study was guided by the hegemony and social change strand of Fairclough’s (2003) Critical Discourse Analysis Theory. It adopted a qualitative descriptive research design and was conducted within Bunge la Wananchi, specifically at Jacaranda Grounds in Nairobi, while YouTube was used as the source of the video data. The target population comprised 24 videos of Nuru Okanga’s political discourse published between 2024 and 2026, from which 12 were purposively selected. Data were collected by watching, listening, and transcribing the videos verbatim, and were subsequently analysed through the stages of identification, description, and interpretation. The analysis identified five argumentative strategies: positive self-presentation; negative portrayal and disparagement of opponents; legitimation and delegitimation of authority; appeals to audience emotions; and labelling and propaganda. The findings show that these strategies intersect within individual discourses and are used to construct a positive image of the speaker, undermine the credibility of opponents, challenge the legitimacy of authority, evoke audience emotions, and construct political identities. The study concludes that language in Nuru Okanga’s discourse functions as a resource for constructing alternative social and moral authority and contesting formal authority. The study is significant in broadening the understanding of Kiswahili political discourse on informal and digital platforms.